The eruption of wisdom teeth is a natural process, which for some goes unnoticed and painlessly, while for others it causes a lot of trouble. For example, when a wisdom tooth grows into the cheek. The symptoms of this pathology will be described below with photographs and advice from specialists. You cannot let the situation take its course, otherwise unpleasant consequences may arise, deterioration of well-being and the condition of neighboring teeth.
Regardless of a person’s actions, his hygienic culture, lifestyle and health, each dental unit has its own direction of growth and its own characteristics. Pathologies usually arise due to genetic and natural predisposition, which are practically not amenable to any influence.
Reasons for the abnormal location of the unit
In dentistry, wisdom teeth are called third (last) molars. Their eruption is noted at the age of 17-25 years. The given figures are arbitrary; in some patients this condition is observed at an earlier or later age. In many adult patients, the figure eights remain retracted and do not appear on the gum surface.
It should be noted the main factors that lead to wisdom teeth growing into the cheek:
- pathologies of intrauterine development;
- malnutrition in infancy and childhood;
- severe infectious diseases;
- chronic systemic diseases;
- abnormalities in the structure of the jaw caused by external (trauma) or internal abnormalities in the body;
- incorrect location of the rudiments of eights (diagonally or horizontally);
- too hard or soft gum tissue;
- large unit crowns.
The main cause of the problem is a violation of the formation of the fetus in the prenatal period, despite the fact that the last molars appear on the surface in adulthood.
If a child has problems with the eruption of milk elements, then most likely the wisdom teeth will grow crooked
Another common cause of pathology is the incorrect location of the molar buds. In this case, the crown cuts into the cheek or grows into the adjacent tooth. Each of the listed cases requires removal of the problematic element, otherwise it threatens the development of serious problems.
When the unit is tilted towards the cheek, permanent injury to the soft tissue occurs. Benign tumor cells, which arise as a result of friction of the crown against the mucous membranes, degenerate into oncological structures. When a wisdom tooth deviates towards the seven, the root system of several elements is destroyed. In addition, the described condition increases the risk of enamel caries.
Retracted wisdom teeth are a problem for modern people, associated with a decrease in the size of the jaw due to a decrease in the chewing load on them. The problem affects people with malocclusions and patients with healthy row elements. If the last filler does not have enough space during the eruption process, then the wisdom tooth grows incorrectly, making its way to the surface of the gum.
Symptoms
In almost all cases, the eruption of the third molar is accompanied by pain. The problem is due to the fact that these elements have no predecessors and they have to make their way to the surface through a thick layer of soft tissue. Minor signs of discomfort are not a reason to panic, but a person should pay closer attention to the problem area.
Photo of a retracted wisdom tooth
Pathology of wisdom tooth growth is determined by the following characteristic symptoms:
- increased bleeding of gums;
- tumors of the gums and cheeks;
- severe pain when chewing food;
- swelling extending to the tongue and throat;
- severe inflammation of the gums in the area of the erupting element and the adjacent tooth;
- discomfort when swallowing;
- injury to the mucous membranes of the inside of the cheek;
- periodic headaches.
An increase in body temperature is less common if the wisdom tooth grows sideways. Relief of this symptom is carried out with the help of painkillers and antipyretic drugs. The eruption of the figure eight can be observed for several years, which entails numerous dental complications. If you experience prolonged discomfort, do not delay visiting your doctor.
Each of the symptoms of the problem should be considered in more detail. One of the most common signs of pathology is swelling and swelling of the gums. Swelling appears even if the wisdom tooth grows in the vertical (correct) direction. Inflammation is due to the fact that the crown makes its way to the surface and injures the soft tissues. Due to injury, the gums increase slightly in size and swell.
The symptom is aggravated if the wisdom tooth grows into the cheek or towards an adjacent element. The element cannot cut through normally due to the peculiarities of its position. As a result, it puts a lot of pressure on the gums, which become swollen, swollen and painful. Along with the gums, the inside of the cheek often swells. You can learn more about the signs of wisdom tooth eruption from this article.
Another sign of abnormal growth of a wisdom tooth is increased bleeding of soft tissues.
Bleeding gums are typical for the horizontal position of the last molars, since in this case the tooth severely injures the gums, cheek, or rests on the seven. The condition is dangerous due to the development of more serious complications - phlegmon, abscess, periostitis, deformation of the bone tissue of the jaw.
Regular friction of the crown of the retained element against the gum tissue leads to the fact that the wounds do not have time to heal and regularly bleed. The symptom is also typical for those situations when the unit erupts towards the tongue. If bleeding occurs in the soft tissues of the mouth, you should immediately consult a doctor.
A crooked tooth can give rise to fever. The symptom is also observed in infants during the growth of primary incisors. In adults, the immune system is more developed, so signs of body hyperthermia during the eruption of figure eights are often absent.
A strong jump in temperature occurs for several reasons:
- Physiological. The body reacts to soft tissue damage.
- Infectious. The symptom signals the proliferation of pathogenic flora in the hood of the wisdom tooth.
In the first case, the patient’s condition stabilizes on its own after a few days. You can relieve the symptoms of the problem with painkillers. The second reason requires professional help, undergoing a set of diagnostic measures and taking antibiotics.
A growing wisdom tooth causes pain when chewing. Discomfort appears at the moment when the rudiment leaves the bone tissue of the jaw and reaches the edge of the gum
When the figure eight tooth is in a horizontal or diagonal position, the signs of pain when eating food become more intense. The pain radiates to the ears, temples or to the lymph nodes. In most cases, there is constant dull or sharp pain.
If you have to resort to potent drugs to relieve symptoms, it is better to consult a doctor. Regular use of such medications negatively affects the condition of the gastrointestinal tract. Treatment with drugs with a powerful therapeutic effect is possible only after consultation with a doctor.
Symptoms of dystopia of the 3rd molar
It is impossible to visually or tactilely determine the position of the growing figure eight. Among the symptoms indicating abnormal growth of this dental unit are:
- inflammation of gum tissue;
- the appearance of a “hood” of soft tissues;
- dull pain in the jaw;
- painful pressure on the root of an adjacent tooth;
- acute pain in the area of the second molar;
- enlargement of the submandibular lymph nodes;
- inflammation of the trigeminal nerve (pain in the jaw, back of the head, ear).
It is important not to try to diagnose yourself, but to go straight to the doctor. Among the methods for diagnosing this anomaly, the most effective are:
- radiography - an x-ray of the affected area;
- orthopantomogram - panoramic x-ray of the jaw;
- cone beam tomogram - used in severe cases.
Diagnostics using special medical equipment allows you to most accurately determine the position of the dental unit, the condition of the roots and bone tissue. Based on the diagnostic results obtained, the dentist makes a decision on methods of treatment or extraction of the problem tooth.
Emergency measures at home
It is not always possible to get an appointment with a dentist when the first painful signs appear. You can relieve discomfort at home. The main goal of emergency measures is to relieve irritation of mucous structures and accelerate wound regeneration.
What to do when wisdom teeth erupt? For this purpose, you can use simple folk recipes:
What to do if you have a headache after wisdom tooth removal
- Rinse with baking soda solution: 1 tsp. funds for 1 glass of water. The medicine kills pathogenic flora in the mouth and prevents the development of complications associated with cheek injury.
- Decoction of sage and oak bark: 5 tbsp. Both ingredients are poured into 0.5 liters of boiling water and left to cool. Rinse your mouth with the decoction 6-8 times a day. Plants relieve swelling and inflammation from the problem area, reduce the intensity of pain and itching. Oak bark and sage promote the death of pathogenic microorganisms and accelerate the healing of a sore cheek.
- Turnip decoction: 3 tbsp. chopped vegetable, pour a glass of water and simmer over low heat for 15 minutes. Rinse your mouth with the product every emergency.
- Salt solution. The product is used for severe inflammation of soft tissues and swelling. The solution is prepared according to the same recipe as soda, only salt is added to the water. The medicine can be used an unlimited number of times.
- Sea buckthorn oil. Effective in cases where a tooth scratches the cheek. The product has a powerful regenerating effect and quickly restores the structure of damaged tissues.
- Melissa tincture: 2 tbsp. leaves, pour 500 ml of boiling water and leave to infuse for 4 hours. The product is used to rinse the mouth 4 times a day. The plant has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects.
If traditional medicine recipes do not give the desired effect, then turn to medications for help:
- To eliminate intense pain in the gums and teeth, use Nise, Nurofen or Ketorol. These drugs are available without a doctor's prescription, but you should not get carried away with taking them. The maximum allowable time for self-therapy is 3-5 days. Otherwise, you may get used to the components of the product, and it will stop helping. Another side effect of uncontrolled use of anti-inflammatory drugs is intoxication of the body.
- For severe pain, you can use Etoricoxib in the amount of 1 tablet per day. The effect of taking the drug lasts much longer than from Nise or Nurofen. In addition to pain relief, the medication has a powerful anti-inflammatory effect.
- Antiseptic treatment of the oral cavity is carried out using the drugs Chlorhexidine, Chlorophyllipt, Miramistin or Angilex. The procedure is repeated at least 4 times a day at equal intervals.
- Locally, the problem area is treated with combined action gels - Kamistad. Holisalom. They reduce pain and relieve signs of inflammation. The disadvantage of drugs is a short period of action (up to 1 hour) and the possibility of developing allergic reactions.
The main active ingredient in anesthetic gels is lidocaine.
You should consult a dentist even when relief is observed from emergency measures. The fact is that the problem does not disappear on its own, but only its symptoms are relieved for a while. Manifestations of the pathology will be observed until the doctor eliminates its underlying cause. A person will not be able to independently adjust the height of a figure eight.
After removal of a recumbent wisdom tooth
While the anesthesia is in effect, the patient does not feel pain. But when the effect of the drug wears off, sensitivity gradually returns, and the person begins to feel pain. This pain is physiological, because the doctor cut the tissue, touched the bone, and the nerve endings were damaged. After a few days, the sensations finally subside. The following symptoms are possible:
- Mild hyperthermia;
- General malaise, weakness;
- Development of edema;
- Bleeding in the socket area.
Sometimes bleeding from the site of tooth extraction frightens a person; this is a natural reaction. The patient always thinks that he has lost more blood than actually happened. Sometimes the phenomenon continues for hours and usually stops completely by the evening. But if the nature of the bleeding remains unchanged throughout the day, the pain increases, and purulent spots appear in the socket, then the discomfort cannot be tolerated. This requires quick response measures to stop the developed inflammatory process.
Dental care
The most common way to solve the problem associated with improper growth of the last molar is to remove the unit. Before making a final decision, the doctor sends the patient for an x-ray. The picture determines the direction of the figure eight, the state of its roots and its location relative to other elements of the row. After this, the doctor determines the appropriate anesthetic agent.
The wisdom tooth is usually removed from the mouth using local anesthesia
Rarely, general anesthesia is used before surgery, for example, if the tooth has not fully grown and complex surgery is required. The doctor monitors the patient's condition during and after anesthesia.
In order to gain access to the retracted element, the doctor has to cut out soft tissue. This allows you to gain free access to the root system of the element. In some cases, surgery is performed to remove the bone tissue around the root of the wisdom tooth.
The operation is also carried out with sawing of the septum if the roots are removed one by one. If the teeth have grown completely, then the doctor chooses the tactic of simple removal. The last molar is removed from the oral cavity using special dental forceps. The resulting wound must be treated with antiseptic solutions to prevent the spread of bacteria into the deep layers of the gums. The edges of the wound are closed with absorbable sutures. If heavy bleeding is observed after wisdom tooth removal, dentists use a hemostatic sponge.
The duration of the operation depends on the age of the patient and the characteristics of the eruption of the figure eight. In some cases it takes no more than 30 minutes, in others it can increase to 1.5-2 hours.
Periodontal diseases
Difficult access to the third molars does not allow them to be thoroughly cleaned of soft plaque, which very quickly turns into hard dental deposits. If the patient does not resort to professional teeth cleaning, the periodontal tissues surrounding the tooth will become inflamed - periodontitis will occur. This disease practically does not manifest itself for a very long time, and if left untreated, the infection spreads to the bone tissue, provoking the appearance of osteoperiostitis, better known as dental gumboil.
Prohibited actions
Any oral medications are allowed to be taken for no more than 3-4 days, regardless of the strength of the therapeutic effect. Do not heat or rinse the damaged area with hot solutions. High temperature increases the rate of reproduction of pathogenic flora. After the procedure, swelling usually increases, and signs of inflammation become more pronounced.
It is forbidden to apply folk remedies with an aggressive composition to damaged mucous membranes: alcohol compresses, onions, garlic, lemon. Such actions negatively affect the process of soft tissue regeneration
Consequences of untimely intervention
If the wisdom tooth is bent towards the cheek, then the symptoms of the pathology periodically subside and worsen again. If there is untimely intervention, the situation can have more serious consequences, which will take a lot of time and effort for treatment.
The first consequence of the problem is the destruction of the roots of neighboring elements. As a result, the doctor will have to amputate not one, but several elements located in the vicinity of the removed unit. Other consequences of improper eruption of the third molar include:
- irreversible damage to the bone structures of the jaw;
- microscopic rupture of cheek tissue;
- pericoronitis;
- periostitis;
- inflammation of the submandibular lymph nodes;
- changes in the structure of the cheek and gums.
Scars form on the inner surface of the cheek, which are noticeable upon palpation. Over time, this process can be complicated by the degeneration of abnormal tissues into malignant cells. The situation requires immediate surgical intervention or a comprehensive medical approach.
