How to relieve swelling of the nasal mucosa, face and eyes due to sinusitis?

1.General information

Erysipelas, erysipelas - these and similar terms are used mainly in Slavic languages; in medical Latin and most Western European languages, the original ancient Greek name erysipelas was fixed, i.e. "red skin" In the old days there were also synonyms “holy fire”, “Saint Anthony’s fire” or, in Russian, “Antonov’s fire”, although some dictionaries define this term as one of the designations for gangrene.

Erysipelas is an acute skin infection (or recurrent exacerbation of a chronic one), the hallmarks of which are swelling and erythema - a bright red, “fiery” hue of the affected area. In general, erysipelas is one of the most common human infectious diseases; the localization of inflammation can be very different, however, due to the peculiarities of the anatomical structure, the disease often manifests itself on the skin of the face, primarily in the soft tissues of the external nose (vestibule, wings, nasal walls): a high concentration of sebaceous glands, capillaries and nerve endings facilitates the penetration and activation of the pathogen .

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Why does swelling of the eyes and face develop with sinusitis?

Initially, swelling with sinusitis occurs in the sinuses.

At the same time, experts argue that this is not only a consequence of the development of inflammation, but also an additional protection of the body from pathogenic microorganisms entering the body through the nose (swelling narrows the maxillary sinuses and acts as an additional barrier).

Know! It is useless to eliminate the swelling itself during sinusitis, and if the root causes of the pathology are not identified in time and treatment is not started, the inflammatory processes continue to spread and spread to the face in the eye area.

The reason for the development of such swelling may be :

2. Reasons

Erysipelas is a bacterial infection, the causative agent of which is almost always group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. This tendency, however, is not absolute: a similar inflammation can be caused by staphylococcus, especially in cases of a long-term chronically recurrent process, as well as other pathogens. In general, we have to take into account the fact that in recent decades in the clinic of infectious diseases, incl. skin, there is a steady tendency towards an increase in combined invasions (for example, bacterial and fungal), developing according to the mechanism of super- or coinfection.

The main risk factor is microtraumatization of the skin of the nose in combination with weakened local immunity and non-compliance with sanitary and hygienic rules.

The risk increases in the presence of foci of chronic coccal infection in adjacent tissues and organs (otitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, and many others). One of the widespread causes of erysipelas is the practice of self-squeezing out elements of acne and/or pustular (pustular) rash in unsterile or frankly unsanitary conditions. In some cases, nasal erysipelas is iatrogenic in nature, i.e. the launch of the pathological process is caused by medical procedures or surgical intervention on the ENT organs.

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Treatment

Pre-hospital assistance

Patients with a tendency to develop swelling of the nasal mucosa are advised to refrain from contact with strong-smelling substances, install an air humidifier, wear a hat in winter, and avoid swimming in cold ponds and pools. Patients with allergic reactions should, if possible, avoid contact with allergens and, if necessary, take antiallergic medications. For short-term swelling, you can use vasoconstrictors yourself. In case of persistent swelling, you need to consult a specialist.

Conservative therapy

For the treatment of diseases accompanied by swelling of the nasal cavity, the following methods are recommended:

• Adrenergic agonists
  . To ease breathing, they are prescribed in the form of drops and used for 1 or 2 weeks. Long-term use is undesirable, as it can lead to the development of vasomotor rhinitis.
• Antiallergic drugs
  . Mast cell membrane stabilizers and antihistamines can quickly reduce swelling, improve nasal breathing, and eliminate other allergy symptoms.
• Glucocorticosteroids
  . Nasal sprays with hormones reduce swelling, reduce the amount of discharge, and reduce the sensitivity of the mucous membrane to irritants. Prescribed for vasomotor and allergic rhinitis, nasal polyps.
• Antibiotics
  . Effective for inflammatory otolaryngological diseases: chronic rhinitis, frontal sinusitis, sinusitis. At the initial stage, broad-spectrum medications are administered, then antibiotic therapy is adjusted taking into account the sensitivity of the pathogen.
• Physiotherapy
  . Drug electrophoresis, microwave therapy, darsonvalization, and some other techniques are used.

Surgery

If indicated, surgical interventions are performed for the following diseases and conditions:

• Hypertrophic rhinitis: conchotomy.
• Deviated nasal septum: septoplasty, rhinoseptoplasty.
• Sinusitis: maxillary sinusotomy or frontotomy.
• Volume formations: removal of polyps and tumors.

Some operations are performed not only openly, but also endoscopically, which makes it possible to reduce the traumatic nature of manipulations and shorten the rehabilitation period. It is possible to use various energies: laser, radio wave radiation, etc.

3. Symptoms and diagnosis

As shown above, typical manifestations of erysipelas of the nose include erythema and inflammatory swelling of the soft tissues, clearly demarcated by a roller from healthy skin. The swelling can be so severe that the patient’s face becomes deformed and changes beyond recognition. Blisters filled with mucopurulent exudate (bullous form of erysipelas) are often observed.

As a rule, the general symptoms of infectious intoxication are pronounced: malaise, fever, hyperthermia (up to 40° and above), headache, weakness, soreness and swelling of the nearest lymph nodes. After a few days, body temperature may drop just as sharply.

It should be noted that in the absence of timely adequate therapy, erysipelas tends to expand to neighboring areas (skin of the face, neck, chest, ear, etc.); with the involvement of the mucous membranes and submucosal layers of the pharyngeal structures, the development of such serious complications as abscess formation, phlegmon, sepsis, and intracranial inflammation is possible.

The clinical picture of erysipelas is quite specific and usually does not create any difficulties in diagnosis. Examination of the ENT organs reveals hyperemia of the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity. Laboratory diagnostic methods are used to identify the pathogen(s) and assess drug sensitivity. In more complex cases, they resort to instrumental imaging diagnostics (endoscopy, ultrasound, etc.).

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Types of tumors of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses

Contents
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1 Types of tumors of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses

2 Causes 2.1 Symptoms 2.1.1 Diagnostic methods 2.1.1.1 Treatment methods

If the conclusion is “tumor”, the first thing that worries the patient is whether it is benign or malignant. The prognosis and method of treatment will depend on this factor.

Benign formations formed in the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx are divided according to location:

• on soft parts (hemangiomas vascular formations, myxoma, angiofibroma and many other varieties);
• on hard parts;
• mixed (teratoma, meningioma, etc.);
• tumor-like formations (polyps, cavities with fluids, hyperplasia, papillomas).

More often than others, hemangioma develops. It can appear at any stage of life with equal frequency in men and women. Hemangioma usually forms in the anterior part of the nasal septum - where the bones and cartilage meet. It looks like a bright red polyp, often bleeding due to the passage of many capillaries through it.

Malignant tumors of the nose and paranasal sinuses account for approximately 3% of all cancers. If we consider ENT tumors, the first place in frequency will be neoplasms of the larynx and laryngopharynx, and in second place will be the nose and adjacent areas. The maxillary sinus and nasal cavity are most often affected. Men suffer from this disease twice as often as women. Representatives of the stronger sex are at risk.

Cancerous tumors that affect the nose develop quickly, reaching the orbit and eye, the base of the skull, and sometimes its cavity. Squamous cell oncology leads in frequency (more than half). The growth in this case arises from the epithelium. In addition, the nose can become a place for the development of melanoma (a neoplasm developing from pigment), sarcoma (from connective tissue), and adenocarcinoma.

Inverted papilloma occupies a special place. This is a benign neoplasm of the paranasal region with a high risk of becoming malignant, which happens with poor quality treatment.

What contributes to the formation of nasal swelling without a runny nose?

The development of nasal swelling without a runny nose in a child does not occur on its own. This condition is influenced by several factors, namely infectious or allergic:

• vasomotor rhinitis caused by infectious pathogens or allergic irritants (narrowing of the nasal passages occurs, congestion and runny nose);
• constant exposure to medications, which contributes to the development of chronic swelling without a runny nose.

In addition, the causes of dry rhinitis are polyps in the passages, a deviated septum, and dry air that the child breathes. The doctor will tell you what to do if your child has mucus due to swelling of the nose, but without snot.

Therapy in children

You can remove swelling in a child’s nose using a comprehensive method, using medications and other therapeutic procedures (for example, physiotherapy). Among the medications, vasoconstrictors are actively prescribed, for example, Naphthyzin or Galazolin. These products should only be used after consultation with your doctor.

A universal treatment for nasal swelling without a runny nose in a child has not been developed. Methods of getting rid of a symptom depend on the root cause of this condition: with an infectious etiology they are the same, and, for example, with an allergic etiology, they are different.

Signs of a malignant process

The root cause of the development of nasal cancer has not been determined. There are risk factors that provoke the appearance of a tumor:

• Active (to a greater extent) and passive smoking.
• Work in hazardous industries: interaction with flour dust, wood, textiles, leather goods.
• Prolonged contact with radium, chrome and nickel dust, formaldehyde, solvents, and other chemical compounds.
• Chronic forms of various variants of sinusitis, rhinitis.
• Alcohol abuse.
• Long stay in a place with unfavorable ecology.
• Viral infection (for example, human papillomavirus).

When determining the stage of nasal cancer, experts pay attention to the following points:

• The spread of the process to other sinuses, soft tissues of the face, bone fragments.
• The presence or absence of metastases in regional lymph nodes - those closest to the diseased organ.
• The presence or absence of metastases distant from the lesion.

Combined drug Vibrocil for nasal congestion

The medicine contains antiallergic substances dimethindene and phenylephrine. The first, when applied topically, inhibits the activity of histamine receptors; Phenylephrine has a vasoconstrictor effect. Vibrocil is produced in the form of nasal gel, spray and drops.

Drops are used for allergic rhinitis, ARVI and colds in children over 12 months.

How to remove nasal congestion in a child using Vibrocil:

1. For children aged 1 to 6 years, instill the product three times a day, 1-2 drops into each nasal passage.
2. If your child has nasal congestion at night and swelling of the bridge of the nose, use nasal gel.
3. To treat a child over 6 years old, you can use Vibrocil drops, spray or gel.
4. Immediately before using the product, clear the nasal passages of accumulated mucus.

The drug does not have a hypnotic effect. Experts recommend using Vibrocil for no longer than 1–2 weeks. You cannot, at your own discretion, change the dosages indicated by the doctor and listed in the instructions for the medicine.

Diagnostic methods in Medscan

The examination begins with an examination and interview with an oncologist. At the Medscan Oncology Center, an interdisciplinary approach is taken to each case under consideration. This eliminates errors in making a final diagnosis and during further treatment.

After rhinoscopy (examination of the nose using special mirrors), you will need to perform the following techniques:

• Pharyngoscopy. The examination helps determine the extent of tumor growth in the oral cavity.
• Radiography. Using the method, you can find out tissue disorders, the degree of deformation and asymmetry of the face.
• MRI and CT are considered the most informative methods for visualizing a tumor focus. To better assess the extent of oncological pathology, the study is performed with intravenous contrast.
• Biopsy of a tumor fragment with further histological examination.
• Ultrasound of lymph nodes and abdominal organs.

What Causes Swelling

The mucous membrane of the nasal cavities contains a large number of blood vessels that provide warming to the inhaled air. The ciliated epithelium, namely its cilia, help retain particles of dust and dirt, and the nasal secretion helps prevent their penetration into the bronchi.

Inflammation that begins to develop in the nasopharynx due to the penetration of viruses, bacteria, and allergens, as a rule, causes swelling of the mucous membrane of this area and the organs of the visual system. Swelling in the nasal passages is characterized by difficulty breathing, frequent sneezing, and the production of mucous fluid.

Nasal swelling in newborns is caused not only by colds, but often occurs against the background of other provoking factors: teething, overheating, pathologies in the anatomical structure of the nasal passages. A common cause of edema is dry air in the living room.

Dry air is the main enemy

If the air in the room where the newborn lives is too dry, this often causes swelling. The nasal passages of a baby are narrower than, for example, those of a baby who has reached the age of one. In this regard, swelling of these can provoke pathology.

• Swelling of the nasal mucosa: causes, symptoms, treatment

During the cold season (for example, in winter), many parents try to heat the room by turning on air heaters, but these contribute to drying out the room. Nasal swelling caused by this factor occurs without a runny nose and, as a rule, appears in the morning after waking up.

Prevention

There are certain precautions that will prevent cancer of the nose and sinuses:

• treat chronic inflammation, as well as benign neoplasms that have arisen in the nose;
• when working in industries that can cause harm to health, use means that provide personal protection;
• give up all habits that are harmful;
• Consult a doctor promptly if you notice symptoms of sinus cancer.

Why does it occur

A possible cause of nasal swelling is an allergic reaction to pollen.

• How to relieve swelling of the nasal mucosa: treatment and recovery

Let's look at what are the causes of swelling of the nose and nasopharynx.

1. An allergic reaction is a fairly common provocateur for the development of swelling. Allergies can be triggered by plant pollen, dust, animal hair, bird feathers and other allergens. If we consider an infant toddler, he may experience a reaction to foods, formula, or food consumed by a nursing mother.
2. Physiological runny nose is a possible cause of swelling in newborns. The whole problem is that the baby, while in the mother’s womb, does not use the nose in the process of breathing; the mucous membrane of the nose is not ready to cope with its function in full.
3. Infection. Swelling of the nose, as well as a runny nose, may indicate the presence of viruses or bacteria that have infected the mucous membrane.
4. The presence of a polyp, hypertrophied mucous membrane that protrudes. Hypertrophy occurs due to frequent exposure to allergens or infections, as well as due to anatomical features. You need to know that a polyp does not develop overnight, it takes a long period of time, and the symptoms will worsen as the polyp grows.
5. Adenoids are a proliferation of lymphoid tissue.
6. Swelling of the nose without a runny nose is observed due to injury.