18.12.2020 Sputum
- mucus produced by the trachea and bronchi, mixed with secretions from the nasal mucosa and saliva. What is it for? With it, dust and microbes are removed from the body, which inevitably get inside with our breath. This substance in itself is not a sign of disease: a healthy body generates approximately 100 ml of clear sputum every day - it is quietly swallowed and dissolved by gastric juice.
Another thing is a pathological process in which up to 1.5 liters of viscous mucus per day can be produced. In this case, it is coughed up and may look completely different. The color of sputum when coughing indicates the specifics of the disease and its severity.
White, foul-smelling balls in the tonsils
These are tonsillar plugs or stones; they form in the lacunae - the recesses of the tonsils. Their color, size, shape, and consistency depend on the composition. Most often, white lumps of soft consistency are observed; in some cases, if the composition contains calcium compounds, the lumps can be dense.
White lumps in the lacunae are formed from exfoliated old mucosal cells, bacteria and a small amount of food debris. Sometimes the lumps contain pus, and then they acquire an unpleasant odor and a yellowish tint.
You should know! When white and yellow lumps appear, a person experiences a sensation of the presence of a foreign body in the tonsils, a sore throat and bad breath.
Reasons for appearance
Experts say that the appearance of white lumps in the throat is a consequence of an inflammatory process, for example, chronic tonsillitis. This is an infectious pathology that develops against the background of weak immunity.
Provocateurs can be:
- sore throats that have not been fully treated;
- frequent consumption of cold drinks;
- ARVI and acute respiratory infections;
- smoking;
- alcoholism;
- stress;
- lack of work and rest schedule;
- bad ecology;
- work in hazardous production.
Chronic tonsillitis is caused mainly by streptococci and staphylococci, but sometimes this process can be triggered by:
- chlamydia;
- microplasma;
- viruses;
- Candida fungi.
However, the exact reasons for the appearance of white lumps in the throat are not fully known, since in some people they appear during an exacerbation of tonsillitis, while in others they do not.
According to statistics, more often white lumps appear in the throat of men.
Causes of the unpleasant phenomenon
The cause of white lumps in the mouth is chronic inflammation of the mucous membrane of the tonsils of the palate . It can occur as a result of untreated acute tonsillitis, reduced immunity, smoking and other negative factors.
Due to constant inflammation in the tonsils, pathogenic flora multiplies. Bacteria accumulate and, together with waste products and food particles, form white or yellow lumps.
More often they occur due to streptococci and staphylococci. Less commonly, chlamydia, viruses, and fungi lead to their appearance. They are present in the oral cavity of every person, but in minimal quantities. Under the influence of certain factors, they begin to multiply excessively, leading to the formation of lumps. The lacunae expand, and general intoxication of the body is observed.
To prevent tonsillitis from developing, it must be treated in an acute form. The disease is accompanied by severe sore throat, malaise, and weakness.
The chronic form of the pathology is almost asymptomatic, so a person may not notice when plugs form. Gradually, the white blood cells surround the bacteria present in the throat of the patient. In the absence of treatment, they are filled with deposits of magnesium and calcium salts, and therefore become hard.
Here are the main factors leading to their occurrence:
- Diseases of the nasal cavity that have a chronic course. As a result, the infection can spread to the throat.
- Improper oral hygiene. If you don't brush your teeth, a large number of bacteria develop in your mouth, which can get on your tonsils.
- Reduced immunity. Because of this, a person becomes vulnerable to any infectious diseases.
- Damage to the tonsils. An infection gets into the wound, causing a purulent inflammatory process to begin.
Possible complications
Since the function of the tonsils is a barrier - they protect the lower respiratory tract from the penetration of pathogenic flora into them, a failure in their work can lead to a large number of negative consequences. In addition, healthy tonsils are directly involved in the synthesis of lymphocytes and in the regulation of immune processes. When the tonsils are damaged, they begin to work against their own body and damage target organs:
- heart – rhythm disturbances, myocarditis, endocarditis, tonsillocardial syndrome, etc.;
- kidneys – nephritis, pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis;
- liver – cholecystitis, toxic hepatitis;
- joints;
- genitourinary organs.
Systemic pathologies such as:
- rheumatism;
- psoriasis;
- polyarthritis;
- neurodermatitis and so on.
In some cases, the pathology may be complicated by a peritonsillar abscess, which requires immediate treatment in a hospital setting.
Important! After a sore throat or tonsillitis, it is necessary to donate blood and undergo a cardiogram in a couple of weeks in order to exclude the acquisition of another chronic disease due to tonsillitis.
Why are white lumps dangerous?
If there are white lumps with an unpleasant odor in the tonsils, local immunity may decrease. As a result, the infection can lead to damage to the entire body. The tonsils are a barrier that prevents infection from entering the respiratory system and blood.
Due to the constant inflammatory process, their functions are disrupted, so the virus penetrates into neighboring organs. And this is fraught with various complications:
- Deep damage to the tonsils. As a result, they become very vulnerable and not only do not perform their functions, but are also a source of infection.
- Heart dysfunction. Arrhythmia, pain in the organ area and other consequences are possible.
- Spread of infection to joints and bones. This makes them painful, a person often complains of aching in them, and deformities begin.
- Kidney problems appear. The process of urination is disrupted, during which the patient may experience cutting pain, and the color of the urine may change.
If the above symptoms occur, urgent consultation with a doctor is required. If you ignore them, the body will be weakened, so the diseases can become chronic .
Symptomatic manifestations
Chronic tonsillitis is accompanied by the following symptoms:
- Expectoration of white or purulent lumps with a foul odor. White and yellow stinking balls are coughed up not only when coughing and sneezing, but sometimes even during normal conversation. In most cases, they are no larger than a match head, but they can be quite large.
- White plaques can be observed on the surface of the tonsils, but it happens that they are concentrated in the deep layers and remain invisible.
- The patient complains of a constant sore throat, especially in the morning; sometimes this symptom can be so pronounced that the person begins to choke.
- Sore throat and redness prevent a person from swallowing saliva normally, and then food and water.
- Discomfortable sensation of the presence of a foreign body in the tonsil area, many complain of the sensation of a large lump in the throat.
- An unpleasant odor from the oral cavity, most often it is so pronounced that it can be felt by people around.
- Enlarged cervical lymph nodes.
- General malaise, aches.
- Unproductive cough - a person tries to clear his throat, but he does not always succeed.
White lumps are not always cleared up when coughing; it can also be a thick mucous mass. Its jelly-like consistency makes it difficult to cough up completely. However, a person may not be bothered by any other signs other than lumps leaving the throat .
Causes
If the state of the body has reached the point where white lumps come out of the throat, then it can be said that the person has developed chronic tonsillitis. Scientists have concluded that the tonsils are an integral part of the immune system. This means that the appearance of caseous plugs can be provoked by a weakened immune system. Therefore, smokers, alcohol drinkers, and people living in unfavorable environmental conditions are at risk.
One of the reasons for the appearance of white lumps can be infection. Usually a strong body quickly copes with this kind of problem, but if it weakens, it can no longer overcome it. The infection is actively developing, inflammation occurs and, as a result, caseous plugs. People who have breathing problems to varying degrees should be especially careful, for example, if the bridge of their nose is bent.
Why do you need to get rid of them?
Since the presence of white lumps in the throat negatively affects the state of the human immune system, and they can give impetus to the development of complications and chronic pathologies of target organs, it is imperative to get rid of them.
Keep in mind! In addition to the complications listed above, the balance of microflora in the oral cavity is disrupted, and pathogenic microorganisms begin to actively multiply. At the same time, they can penetrate the organs of the digestive tract and provoke ulcers, dysbacteriosis and other pathologies.
What it is
Smelly lumps in the throat are tonsillar plugs that form in the lacunae of the palatine tonsils. They can be small, barely noticeable, or slightly larger. Their consistency can also change - soft, jelly-like and even hard, like pebbles (they contain calcium).
They are formed from dead mucosal cells, food particles and some bacteria present in the oral cavity (staphylococci, streptococci). If they contain pus, they turn yellow or green. At the same time, their smell is very pungent, putrid, they smell rotten.
General approach to therapy
To clarify the diagnosis, the patient is prescribed:
- general blood analysis;
- immunogram;
- ECG;
- Analysis of urine;
- throat swab.
Based on the results of these studies, the doctor can determine the severity of the pathology and select a treatment regimen that is appropriate to the situation.
The patient must be prepared for the fact that the treatment will be quite long and complex. The treatment regimen is prescribed in several directions at once :
- strengthening the immune system;
- gargling and rinsing;
- exposure to antibacterial drugs;
- physiotherapy.
Before treating chronic tonsillitis, it is necessary to get rid of caries, since carious teeth are another source of infection .
In addition, you need to adjust your diet and review your daily routine. The following is recommended:
- spend more time outdoors;
- eat more vegetables, fruits, seafood;
- take vitamin complexes, especially in the autumn-winter period;
- sleep enough time.
It's nice to visit a seaside resort.
Flushing with a syringe
This method, although old, is very effective and widespread, especially in district clinics. The procedure is carried out as follows :
- A brass replacement tip is attached to the syringe.
- The patient's larynx is treated with lipocaine to reduce discomfort.
- The lacunae are irrigated with a special solution, with the help of which purulent plugs, white lumps, bacteria and their waste products are washed out.
The procedure lasts 10 minutes and is considered traumatic , since the cannula can damage the mucous membrane if the patient twitches or if the doctor does not have enough experience. In addition, it will be difficult for those who have a particularly strong gag reflex. Moreover, to wash the tortuous passages, one procedure will not be enough; 6-10 sessions will be required, but after a couple of procedures the patient will be able to tolerate them more easily.
Washing using the Tonsilor device
Vacuum rinsing using the Tonsilor device is a more gentle way to get rid of plugs and white lumps. In this case, ultrasound is used. The full course is 5 procedures, during which the contents of the tonsils are sucked out.
Important! Remission after hardware rinsing can last a couple of years, and if you actively increase immunity during this time, then you can forget about white lumps with an unpleasant odor forever.
How is physiotherapy performed?
Washing the tonsils gives a very good effect if combined with physiotherapeutic treatment. The main goal of physiotherapy is to restore the proper functioning of the tonsils and improve blood supply to the lymph nodes. The course of treatment is 10-12 procedures. The most popular methods are :
- Ultrasound . This method has a number of contraindications, but it is absolutely painless and effectively stops the inflammatory process in the tonsils.
- UHF warming up . Eliminates swelling in the area of the tonsils and lymph nodes.
- UV irradiation . The inflammatory process is relieved using ultraviolet radiation.
- Laser therapy . The tonsils are treated with a laser, which leads to the complete elimination of swelling and inflammation. The method has no contraindications.
Inhalations, electrophoresis, and magnetic therapy may also be recommended.
Medications
Drug therapy to strengthen the immune system involves taking the following medications::
- Levamisole.
- Immunofan.
- Isoprinosine.
- Methyluracil.
- Bemitil.
- Immunomax.
Note! As for vitamins, a complex of vitamins with a high content of vitamin C is mainly prescribed. Antibacterial agents can also be prescribed, but only after analyzing the sensitivity of the bacterial flora to the components of the drugs.
While the resistance test is being carried out, the patient is prescribed antibiotics of the cephalosporin group:
- Cefepi.
- Ceftiaxone.
The dosage and duration of taking antibacterial agents is prescribed only by a doctor.
If conservative treatment is ineffective, the patient is recommended to undergo surgery.
Treatment of tonsillitis plugs
The appearance of plugs always indicates a long-term inflammatory process, so you should know not only how to treat purulent plugs on the tonsils, but also combine removal with measures to treat chronic tonsillitis in general. To do this, you should consult an otolaryngologist. Conservative treatment consists mainly of the use of medications. Anti-inflammatory therapy may also be prescribed. One way to cope with a sore throat and inflammation is to take the drug Tonzilgon® N. This is a herbal remedy that is widely used to treat acute and chronic tonsillitis. The drug helps reduce inflammation and sore throat and prevent the occurrence of new exacerbations.
In most cases, it is advisable to resort to medicinal gargling. The doctor may prescribe an antiseptic solution based on chlorhexidine or furacillin. In consultation with a specialist, inhalations can be performed. Rinsing the lacunae of the tonsils is a procedure that allows you to get rid of plugs; it is carried out strictly by a specialist using a syringe and a medicinal solution or using a special apparatus.
Surgery
A tonsillectomy is an operation to remove the tonsils. A radical method of treatment is used only according to strict indications, in cases where drug therapy does not give the desired results, and plugs continue to form again. The doctor will suggest treating pus in the tonsils by removing them if there is a high risk of complications in the heart, joints, too frequent relapses and exacerbations of tonsillitis.
ethnoscience
Removing tonsil plugs using folk remedies is not recommended. They can be located deep in the gaps, and besides, this is risky - the inflammation can intensify. Using rinses, you can soften the surface of the plugs to make them easier to remove. As a rinse solution, you can only use liquids at a comfortable temperature: a weak saline solution, a solution of water and soda, a warm chamomile infusion in the absence of allergic reactions.
How to clean plugs
Doctors do not recommend self-medication: the presence of traffic jams is a good reason to visit a specialist. Independent attempts to remove plugs can cause injury to lymphoid tissue, the development of serious bleeding, and the spread of the inflammatory process. A relatively safe method of removing plugs is to squeeze them out with the handle of a teaspoon or a spatula: only you need to press not on the tonsil itself, but on the side of it - on the very arch itself, behind which it is hidden. When pressing on the tonsils, the contents of the lacunae are brought out. It is important to rinse thoroughly before and after the procedure to remove blockages from the mouth.
Treatment at home
If the pathology is mild, the doctor may advise treating it at home with the help of medicines or traditional medicine. However, they should only be prescribed by a specialist. Activities that can be done at home :
- Flushing the throat . To do this, you can use a solution of Furacilin, a weak solution of iodine, a solution of hydrogen peroxide, an infusion of sage or chamomile. The liquid must be drawn into a syringe without a needle and directed at the tonsils. To prevent liquid from entering the respiratory tract, the head should be tilted down over the sink. The procedure is carried out 5 times a day, after which you are not allowed to drink or eat for 40 minutes.
- Inhalations . Herbal decoctions and infusions are used - oak bark, sage, eucalyptus, chamomile. A decoction of medicinal herbs or a few drops of essential oil are added to the water heated in a bowl. You need to bend over the dishes and cover your head with a towel. You need to breathe deeply, through your mouth. It is better to carry out such procedures before bedtime. At elevated temperatures, inhalation is prohibited.
- Gargling . Indispensable helpers in the fight against white lumps in the throat are iodine, salt and soda.
- Strengthening the immune system . A tincture of echinacea or eleutherococcus is recommended.
